Surge: If something surges, it increases suddenly and greatly, after being steady or developing only slowly.
Jump: If an amount or level jumps, it suddenly increases or rises by a large amount in a short time.
Soar: If the amount, value, level, or volume of something soars, it quickly increases by a great deal.
三者意思相同，更好的翻译应该是在短时间内迅速增长。
造句时也可用同样的构造：
The Freedom Party's electoral support surged/jumped/soared from just under 10 per cent to nearly 17 per cent.[1,2,3]
个人比较倾向使用surge和soar。[4]
Sink: If something sinks to a lower level or standard, it falls to that level or standard.
Drop: If a level or amount drops or if someone or something drops it, it quickly becomes less.
Decline: If something declines, it becomes less in quantity, importance, or strength.
三者指的下跌不同。
Sink指的是等级或水平的下降，这个意思中的sink比较少见，可能较多用在金融行业，如：Share prices would have sunk – hurting small and big investors，也可见Sunk Cost。
Drop指的是水平或者数量上的减少，如：Temperatures can drop to freezing at night.
Decline指的是数量、重要性和力量的减弱，如The number of staff has declined from 217,000 to 114,000.
但个人认为drop和decline在大部分情况下可以互相代替，如:
'Huge decline': U.S. life expectancy drops as the coronavirus pandemic rages on
Life expectancy in the United States dropped a staggering one year during the first half of 2020 as the coronavirus pandemic caused its first wave of deaths, health officials are reporting.[5]
